B. G. Gasanov, N. A. Konko, S. S. Baev

THE EFFECT OF THE METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHROMIUM-NICKEL STAINLESS STEEL POWDERS ON THE STRAIN STATE AND PROPERTIES OF THE OUTER CAGE OF A SPHERICAL HINGE JOINT

The paper substantiates the relevance of studying powder metallurgy methods and efficiency of applying them to the production of spherical bearings of highly loaded spherical hinge joints. It proves that the force and work of deformation, as well as the kinetics of forming of the outer cage of a spherical hinge joint made of sintered corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steels, are influenced by the chemical composition of powders and lubricants, the protective environment and the method of sintering, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the workpiece material. It is shown that the plastic properties of ring specimens under testing depend on the perfection of interparticle contacts, the presence and distribution of chromium oxides, forming schemes and workpiece porosity. The influence of the method for the production of stainless chromium-nickel powders on the density and mechanical properties of the sintered blanks is studied. A method is proposed for evaluating the strain state during radial deformation of ring specimens made of these steel powders and estimating the maximum allowable values of strain intensity below which no cracks are formed during cold forming of porous blanks. It is revealed that, to calculate the stress state and, accordingly, strain resistance in the cold forming of the outer cages of spherical hinge joints, made of sintered corrosion-resistant steels, it is possible to use the known constitutive equations if strain intensity does not exceed the experimentally obtained limit values. The feasibility of implementing the proposed method and selecting the process parameters of cold forming of spherical hinge parts made of chromium-nickel austenitic steels is substantiated.

Acknowledgment: The access to the QForm cloud license was provided by the Chair of Plastic Forming Tech-nologies (Bauman MGTU) and the KvantorForm LLC.

References:

1.    Dorofeev, Yu.G., Gasanov, B.G., Dorofeev, V.Yu., Mishchenko, V.N., and Miroshnikov, V.I. Promyshlennaya tekhnologiya goryachego pressovaniya poroshkovykh izdelii [Industrial Technology of Hot Compaction of Powder Articles]. Metallurgiya Publ., Moscow, 1990, 206 p. (In Russian).
2.    Kuhn, H.A. and Downey, C.L. Material behavior in powder preform forging. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 1973, 95 (1), 41–46. DOI: 10.1115/1.3443104.
3.    Gorokhov, V.M., Doroshkevich, E.A., Efimov, A.M., and Zvonarev, E.V. Obyemnaya shtampovka poroshkovykh materialov [Bulk Forming of Powder Materials]. Navuka i Tekhnika Publ., Minsk, 1993, 272 p. (In Russian). ISBN 5–343–00895–X.
4.    Vorontsov, A.L. Account for the nonuniformity of the mechanical properties and the deformation rate in the calculations of the pressure working processes. Russian Engineering Research, 2003, 23 (6), 62–69.
5.    Skorokhod, G.E., Burnaev, N.I., Kortsenshtein, N.E., Burov, A.M., Serdyuk, G.G., and Stepichev, A.V. Technological special features of manufacture of components of complicated configuration from metallic powders by hot stamping. Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 1988, 27, 204–207. DOI: 10.1007/BF00802592.
6.    Oyane, M., Shima, S., and Tabata, T. Consideration of basic equations, and their application, in the forming of metal powders and porous metals. Journal of Mechanical Working Technology, 1978, 1 (4), 325–341. DOI: 10.1016/0378-3804(78)90036-0.
7.    Green, R.J. A plasticity theory for porous solids. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1972, 14 (4), 215–224. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7403(72)90063-x.
8.    Oyane, M., Shima, S., and Kono, Y. Theory of plasticity porous metals. Bulletin of JSME, 1973, 16 (99), 1254–1262. DOI: 10.1299/jsme1958.16.1254.
9.    Baglyuk, G.A., Yurchuk, V.A., and Kovalenko, S.S. Application of variational methods for calculation of pressure treatment processes of sintered workpieces. In: Fizika i tekhnika vysokikh davleniy [Physics and High-Pressure Technology: Collection of Scientific Papers]. Naukova Dumka Publ., Kiev, 1987, 24, pp. 57–61. (In Russian).
10.    Shima, S. and Oyane, M. Plasticity theory for porous metals. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 1976, 18 (6), 285–291. DOI: 10.1016/0020-7403(76)90030-8.
11.    Kuhn, H.A. and Downey, C.L. Deformation characteristics and plasticity theory of sintered powder materials. International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 1971, 7 (1), 15–25.
12.    Rozenberg, O.A., Mikhailov, O.V., and Shtern, M.B. Strain hardening of porous bushings by multiple mandreling: numerical simulation. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2012, 51, 379–384. DOI: 10.1007/s11106-012-9445-y.
13.    Kondo, H. and Hegedus, M. Current trends and challenges in the global aviation industry. Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, 2020, 26 (4), 141–143. DOI: 10.36547/ams.26.4.763.
14.    Laptev, A.M. Construction of deformation theory of plasticity of porous materials. Izvestiya VUZov. Seriya Mashinostroenie, 1980, 4, 153–156. (In Russian).
15.    Kovalchenko, M.S. Strain hardening of a powder body in pressing. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2009, 48, 133–144. DOI: 10.1007/s11106-009-9118-7.
16.    Sobotka, Z. The plastic flow orthotropic materials with different mechanical properties in tension and compression. Acta Technica CSAV, 1971, 6, 772–776.
17.    Laptev, A.M. Plasticity criteria for porous metals. Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 1982, 21, 522–526. DOI: 10.1007/BF00802566.
18.    Xin, X.J., Jayaraman, P., Daehn, G.S., and Wagoner, R.H. Investigation of yield surface of monolithic and composite powders by explicit finite element simulation. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2003, 45 (4), 707–723. DOI: 10.1016/S0020–7403(03)00107–3.
19.    Vlasov, A.V., Stebunov, S.A., Evsyukov, S.A., Biba, N.V., and Shitikov, A.A. Konechno-elementnoe modelirovanie tekhnologicheskikh protsessov kovki i obyemnoi shtampovki: uchebnoe posobie [Finite-Element Modeling of Technological Processes of Forging and Volume Metal Forming, ed. A.V. Vlasov: Textbook]. MGTU im. N.E. Baumana Publ., Moscow, 2019, 383 p. ISBN 978–5–7038–5101–2.
20.    Konko, N.A. RF Software Registration Certificate No. 2024612263, 2024.
21.    Gromov, N.P. Teoriya obrabotki metallov davleniem [Theory of Metal Forming by Pressure]. Metallurgiya Publ., Moscow, 1978, 360 p. (In Russian).
22.    Storozhev, M.V. and Popov, E.A. Teoriya obrabotki metallov davleniem [Theory of Metal Forming by Pressure]. Mashinostroenie Publ., Moscow, 1977, 423 p. (In Russian).
23.    Martynova, I.F. and Shtern, M.B. A plasticity equation for porous solids allowing for true strains in the base material. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, 1978, 1, 23–29. (In Russian).
24.    Smyslov, A.Yu. Theory of plasticity of porous media. Izvestiya Vuzov. Mashinostroenie, 1980, 4, 107–110. (In Russian).
 

Article reference