Electronic Scientific Journal
 
Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics 
         of materials and structures
Рус/Eng  

 

advanced search

IssuesAbout the JournalAuthorContactsNewsRegistration

2018 Issue 6

All Issues
 
2024 Issue 1
 
2023 Issue 6
 
2023 Issue 5
 
2023 Issue 4
 
2023 Issue 3
 
2023 Issue 2
 
2023 Issue 1
 
2022 Issue 6
 
2022 Issue 5
 
2022 Issue 4
 
2022 Issue 3
 
2022 Issue 2
 
2022 Issue 1
 
2021 Issue 6
 
2021 Issue 5
 
2021 Issue 4
 
2021 Issue 3
 
2021 Issue 2
 
2021 Issue 1
 
2020 Issue 6
 
2020 Issue 5
 
2020 Issue 4
 
2020 Issue 3
 
2020 Issue 2
 
2020 Issue 1
 
2019 Issue 6
 
2019 Issue 5
 
2019 Issue 4
 
2019 Issue 3
 
2019 Issue 2
 
2019 Issue 1
 
2018 Issue 6
 
2018 Issue 5
 
2018 Issue 4
 
2018 Issue 3
 
2018 Issue 2
 
2018 Issue 1
 
2017 Issue 6
 
2017 Issue 5
 
2017 Issue 4
 
2017 Issue 3
 
2017 Issue 2
 
2017 Issue 1
 
2016 Issue 6
 
2016 Issue 5
 
2016 Issue 4
 
2016 Issue 3
 
2016 Issue 2
 
2016 Issue 1
 
2015 Issue 6
 
2015 Issue 5
 
2015 Issue 4
 
2015 Issue 3
 
2015 Issue 2
 
2015 Issue 1

 

 

 

 

 

A. M. Polyanskiy, V. A. Polyanskiy, K. P. Frolova, Yu. A. Yakovlev

HYDROGEN DIAGNOSTICS OF METALS AND ALLOYS

DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2018.6.037-050

Within the framework of this paper, we review the development of the problem of hydrogen diagnostics for metals. Metal sample enrichment techniques based on the hydrogen vacuum extraction method had been used for a long time. The development of industrial control technologies has led to the almost complete replacement of vacuum techniques with atmospheric ones. As a result, systematic errors have occurred. These errors lead to multiple differences of certified hydrogen concentration values from measured ones for standard samples.

In this paper, we analyze reasons for the genesis of systematic errors observed for hydrogen measurements while applying the thermal conductivity cell technique. As a result, we have demonstrated that measurements resulting from sample heating and melting in an inert gas flow depend on the heat capacity of the sample and the surface temperature of the melting pot. This explains multiple errors and even negative values in measurements of low hydrogen concentrations.

Acknowledgments: The research was supported by the RFBR, projects No. 18-08-00201, 18-31-00329 and 17-08-00783.

Keywords: hydrogen diagnostics, hydrogen analyzer, extraction in an inert gas flow, thermal conductivity cell

References:

  1. Patent 670,775 U.S. Process of making alloys of iron and hydrogen / G. W. Gesner; published 26.03.1901.
  2. Gesner G.W. Process of making alloys of iron and hydrogen. US Patent 670,775, 1901.
  3. Kinzel A.B. Method of casting steel ingots. US Patent 1,888, 1932.
  4. Andrew T., Thomas K.B. Process of manufacturing steel. US Patent 695,264, 1902.
  5. Bernhard O. Leitfaden für Gießereilaboratorien, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer, 1915. 44p. ISBN 978-3-662-40626-7. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-41106-3.Keiichi O. On the importancy of hydrogen-brittleness as a defect in steel qualities. Tetsu-to-Hagane, 1938, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1005–1013. DOI: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1915.24.11_1005.
  6. De Haas W.J., Hadfield R. On the Effect of the Temperature of Liquid Hydrogen (–252.8oC) on the Tensile Properties of Forty-One Specimens of Metals Comprising (a) pure iron 99.85%; (b) four carbon steels; (c) thirty alloy steels; (d) copper and nickel; (e) four non-ferrous alloys. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 1934, vol. 232, pp. 297–332.
  7. Zapffe C.A., Sims C.E. Hydrogen embrittlement, internal stress and defects in steel. Trans. AIME, 1941, vol. 145, no. 1941, pp. 225–271.
  8. Jordan L., Eckman J.R. Determination of Oxygen and Hydrogen in Metals by Fusion in Vacuum. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1926, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 279–282. DOI: 10.1021/ie50195a017.
  9. Brown D. Apparatus for determining hydrogen in steel. US Patent 2,387,878, 1945.
  10. Scafe R.M. Determination of Hydrogen in Steel Sampling and Analysis by Vacuum Extraction. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, 1945, vol. 162, p. 375.
  11. Olof R. Continuously-operating gas-analyzing apparatus. US Patent 1,644,951, 1927.
  12. Willenborg W.J. Method of and means for analyzing gases by differential thermal conductivity measurements. US Patent 2,042,646, 1936.
  13. Stewart A.T., Squires G.L. Analysis of ortho-and para-hydrogen mixtures by the thermal conductivity method. Journal of Scientific Instruments, 1955, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 26.
  14. Hulsberg H.A. Hydrogen analyzer. US Patent 2,671,337, 1954.
  15. Willenborg W.J. Single cell thermal conductivity measurements. US Patent 2,255,551, 1941.
  16. Nolan D., Pitrun M. Diffusible hydrogen testing in Australia. Welding in the World, 2004, vol. 48, no. 1–2, pp. 14–20. DOI: 10.1007/BF03266409.
  17. Konopel’ko L.A., Polyanskii A.M., Polyanskii V.A., Yakovlev Y.A. New Metrological Support for Measurements of the Concentration of Hydrogen in Solid Samples. Measurement Techniques, 2018, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 1222–1227. DOI: 10.1007/s11018-018-1343-3.
  18. Hassel A.W., Merzlikin S.V., Mingers A., Georges C., Flock J., Bergers K., Zwettler F. Methodology of Hydrogen Measurements in Coated Steels, Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, 2013, 161 p. ISBN 978-92-79-29712-0.
  19. Andronov D.Yu., Arseniev D.G., Polyanskiy A.M., Polyanskiy V.A., Yakovlev Yu.A. Application of multichannel diffusion model to analysis of hydrogen measurements in solid. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 699–710. DOI: 10.1016/2016.10.126.
  20. Titov V.V., Khutoretskii G.M., Zagorodnaya G.A. et al. Turbogeneratory. Raschet i konstruktsiya [Turbogenerators: Calculation and Design, N.P. Ivanov and R.A. Lyuter, eds.]. Leningrad, Energiya Publ., 1967.
  21. Abarca A.N. High Precision Flow Compensated Thermal Conductivity Detector for Gas Sensing with Read-out Circuit. Master thesis, Delft, 2015.
  22. GOST 21132.1-98. Aluminum and aluminum alloys. Methods for determination of hydrogen in solid metal by vacuum hot extraction. (In Russian).
  23. Polyanskii A.M., Polyanskii V.A., Yakovlev Yu.A., Study of specimen degassing completeness in analyzing hydrogen content in aluminum alloys. Metallurg, 2011, no. 4, pp. 87–92. (In Russian).
  24. Konopelko L.A., Polyanskiy A.M., Polyanskiy V.A., Yakovlev Yu.A. A metrological base for measuring hydrogen concentration for further development of technologies. In: Materialy i tekhnologii dlya Arktiki [Materials and Technologies for the Arctic: international conference proceedings]. St. Petersburg, 2017, pp. 260–267. ISBN 978-5-900791-36-4. (In Russian).
  25. Purcell J.E., Ettre L.S. Analysis of hydrogen with thermal conductivity detectors. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 1965, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 69–71. DOI: 10.1093/3.2.69.
  26. Watanabe M., Inoue R., Ichikawa D., Furusaki K. Development of Thermal Conductivity Type Hydrogen Sensor. ECS Transactions, 2010, vol. 28, no. 20, pp. 31–42. DOI: 10.1149/1.3489930

 

PDF      

Article reference

Hydrogen Diagnostics of Metals and Alloys / A. M. Polyanskiy, V. A. Polyanskiy, K. P. Frolova, Yu. A. Yakovlev // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. - 2018. - Iss. 6. - P. 37-50. -
DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2018.6.037-050. -
URL: http://eng.dream-journal.org/issues/2018-6/2018-6_190.html
(accessed: 03/29/2024).

 

impact factor
RSCI 0.42

 

MRDMS 2024
Google Scholar


NLR

 

Founder:  Institute of Engineering Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch)
Chief Editor:  S.V. Smirnov
When citing, it is obligatory that you refer to the Journal. Reproduction in electronic or other periodicals without permission of the Editorial Board is prohibited. The materials published in the Journal may be used only for non-profit purposes.
Contacts  
 
Home E-mail 0+
 

ISSN 2410-9908 Registration SMI Эл № ФС77-57355 dated March 24, 2014 © IMACH of RAS (UB) 2014-2024, www.imach.uran.ru