A. V. Polin, G. I. Shaidurova

COMPARISON AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF NEW-GENERATION POLYESTER AND SYNTHETIC RESINS: THE EFFECT OF MODIFIERS ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of the mechanical and operational properties of conventional unsaturated polyester resins (ortho- and isophthalic structure) and new-generation thermosetting resins (vinyl ester and novolac epoxy vinyl ester ones). An assessment of the effect of modern functional modifiers (0.15–0.30 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Cloisite 30B organomodified montmorillonite, Boltorn H30 hyperbranched polyesters, LP-4016 new-generation low-profile thermoplastic additives, and hydrophobic nano-SIO₂) on a set of characteristics including tensile and bending strength, impact strength, polymerization shrinkage, moisture absorption, and abrasive wear resistance. The tests followed ISO 527-4, ISO 178, ISO 179-1, ISO 3521, ISO 62, and ASTM D4060. The study shows that even unmodified vinyl and epoxy vinyl ester resins are significantly superior to classic polyester resins in all the parameters studied. Complex modification provides a synergistic effect; namely, tensile strength reaches 115 to 119 MPa, the bending modulus is up to 5.1 GPa, Charpy impact strength exceeds 20 kJ/m2, linear shrinkage decreases to 0.07–0.09%, moisture absorption is below 0.10%, and abrasive wear is reduced by a factor ranging between 4.5 and 5.5. The physicochemical mechanisms of the action of each type of modifier (pull-out and bridging of nanotubes, barrier effect and restriction of segmental mobility by organoclay, multiple silver cracking around hyperbranched molecules, microvacuolization of thermoplastic domains, rolling effect of silica nanoparticles) are analyzed in detail. Due to their combined properties, the resulting compositions become direct competitors to medium-temperature epoxy systems at a significantly lower cost and simplified processing technology.

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